In recent years our group and others have extensively investigated three new prognostic biomarkers, known as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) for the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer; high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Here, TLR4 is linked to ovarian carcinoma.