HIF1A and infection: Infections with several viruses such as vaccinia virus [75], human papillomavirus [76,77], Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [78], Epstein–Barr virus [79–81], hepatitis B virus (HBV) [82], and hepatitis C virus (HCV) [83] have been reported to induce a hypoxic response under normoxic conditions through stabilization of HIF-1α.