APC and cancer: The APC tumor suppressor gene is involved for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and initiates carcinogenesis for various cancer types (Kinzler et al., 1996; Shen et al., 2016; Han et al., 2018) such as colo-rectal cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer (Matthaios et al., 2016; Richiardi et al., 2009; Tsuchiya et al., 2000; Hiltunen et al., 1997; Saelee et al., 2014; Jin et al., 2001).