TNF and infectious otitis media: Compared to group II (AOM/DSS induction), EPE administration for group IV (EPE 0.25 mg/20g BW) p=0.923, group V (EPE 0.50 mg/20g BW) p=0,084 and group VI (EPE 1.00 mg/20g BW) p=0.010 can increase TNF-α expression.