Accordingly, deletion of the BDNF gene in the paraventricular hypothalamus of mice resulted in obesity by suppressing locomotor activity and thermogenesis [39] while BDNF administration in the ventromedial and paraventricular hypothalamus has been shown to increase metabolic rate in rats [40, 41] and to induce thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue by facilitating the turnover of norepinephrine in rodents [42]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.