HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; ACE/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme/angiotensin II receptor blocker; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SOB, shortness of breath. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.