Vitamin D treatment of IL1β-activated primary human monocytes induced a significant increase of IL-10 mRNA expression in T1D/AIT patients and HC, whereas in AD/AIT patients no such increase in IL-10 expression was observed [T1D/AITIL1β vs IL1β/1,25(OH)2D3 p = 0.02; HCIL1β vs IL1β/1,25(OH)2D3 p = 2x10-5] (Figure 4A). Here, IL1B is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.