PPARA and diabetic cardiomyopathy: Increases in PPARα activity have also been linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy via causing a lipotoxicity associated with increased fatty acid storage and oxidation (Finck et al., 2002), whereas exendin-4 failed to improve the mitral E/A ratio in mice with T2DM and a cardiac-restricted overexpression of PPARα (Wu et al., 2018).