DPP4 and heart failure: A number of meta-analyses assessing the overall impact of DPP-4 inhibitors have concluded that as a class, DPP-4 inhibitors do increase the risk of heart failure (Monami et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2014), whereas another meta-analysis concluded that the increase in risk of heart failure is drug-specific, solely attributed to use of saxagliptin (Kongwatcharapong et al., 2016).