Additionally, macrophages were shown to regulate skeletal muscle signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) – downstream target of IL-6 and key regulator of skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and proteostasis (Carson and Kristen, 2010; Bonetto et al., 2011, 2012; VanderVeen et al., 2017, 2019) – during pancreatic cancer cachexia (Shukla et al., 2020). Here, IL6 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.