STAT3 and the CXC (L1/R1) axis also merit further investigation: in an RA-induced murine population, STAT3 activation driven by pro-inflammatory cytokine expression led to increased RANKL-mediated bone loss, and STAT3 inhibition via cycloheximide significantly reduced expression of IL-6 family cytokines and RANKL (Mori et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF11 and rheumatoid arthritis.