NPHS1 and colorectal carcinoma: E. coli constitutes a normal component of the gut microbiome, but certain strains that acquire pathogen-like features can produce cyclomodulin genotoxin including colibactin, cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF), and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) (Kurnick et al., 2019), all of which have been examined for their promoting effect in CRC.