CXCR4 and breast carcinoma: Later, CXCR4 has been discovered strongly expressed in multiple types of cancers, including breast cancer (Müller et al., 2001), kidney cancer (Pan et al., 2006), ovarian cancer (Jiang et al., 2006), thyroid cancer (De Falco et al., 2007), prostate cancer (Hirata et al., 2007), lung cancer (Gangadhar et al., 2010), colon cancer (Lv et al., 2014), and thymoma (Wang et al., 2016).