In neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a key finding is that pathological TDP-43 accumulates in the cytoplasm, forming aggregates (Arai et al., 2006; Neumann et al., 2006; Ito et al., 2017). Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.