TF and breast cancer: It has been reported that EVs containing TF from aggressive breast cancer cell lines exhibit more platelet aggregation activity than those from less invasive breast cancer cell lines and are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (Gomes et al., 2017), and the procoagulant activity is of PMPs in cancer patients with VTE is high at baseline, suggesting that this activity can be used to predict VTE (van Doormaal et al., 2012).