Furthermore, overexpression of PD-L1 significantly decreases the activities of PI3K/AKT and RAS/MEK/ERK pathways, leading to the suppression of lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in xenografts (Wang X. et al., 2020), providing evidence for the tumor suppressive role of PD-L1 in specific tumor type. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is lung carcinoma.