CXCL8 and glioma: Furthermore, M2 tumor-associated macrophages exert promotive role in the glioma cell growth through releasing cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (Xu Y. et al., 2019; Lu et al., 2020).