In addition to the effect on liver, PNPLA3 rs738409 variant has been reported to be associate with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children with obesity, indicating the variant PNPLA3 genotype may be related to kidney dysfunction in children independent of MAFLD status (82, 83). The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.