NPM1 and neoplasm: A few tumor-specific proteins that act as leukemia-specific antigens (Tumor Specific Antigens, TSA), such as RUNX1-RUNX1T1, FLT3, and NPM1, have been described as being associated with AML (229), resulting from mutations (mutated TSA) or aberrant expression (aberrantly expressed TSA) from noncoding regions (230).