Besides expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, the expression of chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL10, IL-8 was shown likely to contribute to clinical observation of excessive inflammatory tissue damage, lung injury, and respiratory failure (15). Here, CXCL8 is linked to respiratory failure.