In contrast, all astrocytic [ALDH1L1 (Preston et al., 2019), GFAP (Preston et al., 2019)), SLC1A3 (Preston et al., 2019)] and a few microglial and oligodendrocytic markers [CD40 (Ponomarev et al., 2006), OLIG1 (Ligon et al., 2004) and OLIG2 (Ligon et al., 2004)] are significantly upregulated in AD brains. Here, CD40 is linked to Alzheimer disease.