Considering the distinguished advantage of adeno-associated virus (AAV) in gene therapy, we further tested the therapeutic effects of AAV-HNF3γ using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and the results showed that AAV-mediated HNF3γ delivery significantly inhibited the HCC progression (Fig. 6f), suggesting that HNF3γ could be an optimized target in HCC differentiation therapy. The gene discussed is FOXA3; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.