The proportion of EpCAM+ or CD133+ liver CSCs was significantly decreased in HCC cells infected with Ad-HNF3γ, and Ad-HNF3γ-infected cells formed fewer and smaller spheres compared with control cells, suggesting that HNF3γ could reduce the self-renewal capacity of liver CSCs (Fig. 5c, d and Supplementary Fig. S6c). This evidence concerns the gene EPCAM and hepatocellular carcinoma.