Given the close relationship between inflammation and bone resorption in periodontal disease [62], our findings show that significant inhibition of bone loss by GMSC-derived exosomes in a mouse periodontal model can be explained by the anti-inflammatory effects of exosomes, including TNF-α-mediated exosomal CD73 up-regulation and subsequent M2 macrophage infiltration in vivo. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and periodontal disorder.