These observations have been confirmed, in part, by clinical findings showing that supplementation with vitamin D during early childhood may decrease the risk of developing T1DM.(145, 146) However, further studies have not shown any significant effect of calcitriol supplementation on insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or insulin requirement or improvement in bone turnover in patients with newly diagnosed T1DM.(147, 148). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.