In the present study, we have aimed to systematically assess the mutational spectrum of the RNase H2 subunit genes RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B and RNASEH2C in a relatively large case-control series of 602 German patients with EOC and 940 healthy German females to elucidate their possible contribution to ovarian cancer risk and prognosis. This evidence concerns the gene RNASEH2A and ovarian cancer.