Compared to the controls from non-endemic areas, genes coding for glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutathioneS-transferasemu1 (GSTM1), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) were upregulated in CKD and CKDu patients in varying degrees [83]. This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and chronic kidney disease.