MMP9 and neoplasm: Furthermore, IL-8 modifies the tumor microenvironment, encouraging the recruitment of pro-tumorigenic immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages with an “M2-like” phenotype, ultimately leading to a positive feedback loop with increased IL-8 production, as well as recruitment of cancer-associated neutrophils, which, in turn, contribute to angiogenesis and invasion through the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 [52,53].