While high tumor mutational burden (TMB), a characteristic of smoking-related cancers, and tumoral PD-L1 expression are the most well-validated predictive biomarkers for response to ICIs across multiple cancer types (4–6), preclinical autochthonous murine models of NSCLC are urgently needed to serve as a platform for novel immune-related biological insights and testing therapeutic strategies. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.