CD8A and HIV infectious disease: Male COVID-19 patients experienced more severe immune dysregulation, with lower CD4+ T cell proportions (P=0.0250), higher CD8+ T cell proportions (P=0.0068), and much lower CD4+/CD8+ ratios (P=0.0131), indicating a possible immune deficiency that is similar to that observed in HIV infections [26] (Figure 3B, Supplementary Table S2).