To confirm the role of the 35-gene signature as an independent prognostic factor, multivariate Cox model was applied to investigate the performance of ADC-index in comparison with the traditional prognostic variables in lung cancer, including age, gender, smoking history, grade, stage, and mutation statuses of EGFR, KRAS, STK11, and TP53. Because of the limited phenotypic information in the Duke cohort, only the ADC patients from the ACC and MCC cohorts were considered here. Here, KRAS is linked to lung carcinoma.