The summary statistics for IL-5 across the three groups: AF, AF+CMS, and CMS displayed in Appendix1-Table a showed that IL_5 was highest in AF+CMS group compared to lone AF and CMS group (4.497±2.509 vs. 4.750±4.098 and 2.033± 0.968 pg/mL, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene IL5 and atrial fibrillation.