TGFB1 and cancer: This is specifically crucial in cancer treatment where MSCs have been shown to be strongly involved in favoring tumor growth by supporting angiogenic and immunosuppressive microenvironment mostly via TGFβ-dependent mechanism (Zhang T. et al., 2013; Li et al., 2016; Trivanović et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2017; Batlle et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2019), a cytokine that we showed to be significantly less produced by TNFR2 KO-MSCs.