Besides, TNFR2 upregulation in rat and human BM-MSCs effectively increased their therapeutic potential in cardiac ischemia (Bao et al., 2008, 2010) and inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which was accompanied by decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα secretion (Liu et al., 2013; Park et al., 2017). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.