The application of CSF1-R inhibitor can significantly inhibit the infiltration of TAMs in tumor and increase the infiltration and killing activity of CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumor, which reshapes TME of hepatocellular carcinoma and enhances the efficacy of PD-L1 antibody (Ramesh et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1R and hepatocellular carcinoma.