SOX10 and melanoma: Moreover, Sun et al. (2014) demonstrated that SOX10 can inhibit the activation of transforming growth factor (TGF) scaffold signaling in melanoma cells and promote resistance to BRAF and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylating kinase (MEK) inhibitors, contributing to the drug resistance against the acute cytotoxic effect of Raf inhibitors (Sun et al., 2014; Han et al., 2018).