In addition to the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, other immune regulators such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cells, B-cells, and various chemokine/cytokine networks operate in the TME, which likely play important roles in defining the sensitivity of M-NSCLCs to ICIs (2, 22, 24, 26). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.