ARHGEF19 and chronic kidney disease: Among those, 17.3% (=87/504) novel CAD-associated genes (e.g., ACVR2A, AP3M1, ARHGEF19, and BACH1) and 61.2% (=854/1395) CKD-associated genes (e.g., ABCA4, ABCC2, ABCF3, and ACOX1) may be newly novel genes because they are not nearby (within 1 Mb upstream and downstream) any previous GWAS index SNPs or associated genes in terms of the GWAS catalog (McMahon et al., 2019).