Among those, 17.3% (=87/504) novel CAD-associated genes (e.g., ACVR2A, AP3M1, ARHGEF19, and BACH1) and 61.2% (=854/1395) CKD-associated genes (e.g., ABCA4, ABCC2, ABCF3, and ACOX1) may be newly novel genes because they are not nearby (within 1 Mb upstream and downstream) any previous GWAS index SNPs or associated genes in terms of the GWAS catalog (McMahon et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene BACH1 and chronic kidney disease.