The TRIM5α, in non-human primates, was shown not to hamper HIV-1 infection; however, the replacement of the PRYSPRY domain of TRIM5α by cyclophilin A (CypA) binding domain in New World owl monkeys restrict the HIV-1 infection strongly (Sayah et al., 2004; Stremlau et al., 2005; Balakrishna and Kondapi, 2016; Colomer-Lluch et al., 2018). The gene discussed is PPIA; the disease is HIV-1 infection.