CCL4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Although this model is capable of inducing stage 3 fibrosis after 12 weeks of HFD feeding and CCL4 treatment, CCL4 induces severe liver injury via oxidative DNA damage, which is distinctly different from the natural course of NASH (Alkreathy et al., 2014; Calzadilla Bertot and Adams, 2016).