Activated primary human lung fibroblasts can release prostaglandins such as PGE2-enriched exosomes or EVs to inhibit TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation (Lacy et al., 2019), while miR-22 negatively regulates myofibroblast differentiation from lung fibroblasts and ameliorates PF in mice (Kuse et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pemphigus foliaceus.