Further in vivo and in vitro experimental studies to explore the molecular mechanism of BMSCs in the treatment of PF, to elucidate the therapeutic effects of BMSC-derived exosomes on the proliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells and PF, and to reveal the regulatory mechanisms associated with TβR1 signaling and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway will provide a theoretical basis or new strategies for effectively terminating or reversing PF. Here, TBR1 is linked to pemphigus foliaceus.