Many studies have established the seizure-suppressant effects of NPY against seizures in the hippocampus both in rodents (Woldbye et al., 1996, 1997, 2005; Vezzani et al., 1999; Klemp and Woldbye, 2001) and hippocampal slices from pharmacoresistant human epilepsy patients (Patrylo et al., 1999; Ledri et al., 2015; Wickham et al., 2019). Here, NPY is linked to epilepsy.