Finally, levels of apo M, which mediates the physical interaction between HDLs and sphingosine-1-phosphate and exerts anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects in animal models, were inversely and independently associated in the Penn Heart Failure Study with the risk of death and the composite endpoint of death/ventricular assist device implantation/heart transplantation [117]. The gene discussed is APOM; the disease is heart failure.