These biomarkers include S100, HMB 45, Ki-67, Melan A (MART1-Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1), Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), Tyrosinase, PNL2, MITF (Microphthalmia transcription factor), SOX10, MC1R (Melanocortin 1 Receptor), PRAME (preferential expressed antigen in melanoma), pHH3, and p16. Here, MC1R is linked to melanoma.