longum and B. breve strains produce higher levels of ILA than adult-type and non-HRB strains [105], and an aromaticlactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene from these strains is responsible for the production [106], suggesting ILA production by these strains may contribute to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in asthma. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF9 and asthma.