IKBKB and asthma: Butyrate is able to ameliorate gut inflammation by blocking nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in intestinal B-lymphocytes and induce regualtion of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) expression [53].The NF-κB transcription factor binds to the inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) proteins, which is phosphorylated by kappa B kinase (IKK), in particular IKK-β/IKK-2, via the canonical pathway, leading to the enhancement of its transactivation potential in lung epithelial cells, where it affects inflammatory genes, leading to asthma [83,84].