TGFB1 and asthma: Treatment with microRNA (miR-744) mimic results in a significant decrease in the proliferation rate of bronchial epithelial cells in severely asthmatic children, and an increase of TGF-β1 mRNA abundance in these cells via regulating the Smad3 signaling pathway [117], suggesting that B. breve may enhance regulatory TGF-β1 and produce anti-inflammatory effects in asthma.