Recently, SERPINA1 was reported to be a chaperone in amyloidoses, and it plays a role in amyloid aggregation, which may lead to the pathogenesis of amyloidotic diseases, for example amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), familial amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR) and Alzheimer's disease.39, 40, 41. The gene discussed is SERPINA1; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.