This study also found that the CXCL13 concentration of CSF in latent syphilis patients with failure treatment was significantly higher than that in the seroconversion group (P < 0.01), and the CSF leukocyte count was positively correlated with the concentration of CXCL13; we also found that there was no significant difference in serum CXCL13 concentration between the failure treatment group and the seroconversion group and control group. The gene discussed is CXCL13; the disease is latent syphilis.