And artesunate has also been revealed to protect the integrity of BBB from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathways and thus to improve the long-term neurological outcomes [17]. The gene discussed is S1PR1; the disease is subarachnoid hemorrhage.