Second, whereas the induction of IFN-response genes are maximally up-regulated in PBMCs from SAVI patients (exposure to cGAMP brought about no change), conversely, transcription of the genes encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6 was elevated in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SAVI patients, and was still augmented on exposure to cGAMP (64). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy.