While initiating events remain unclear in EoE, environmental insults to the epithelium (e.g. allergens) can trigger the release of inflammatory signaling molecules including TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 [all shown to be elevated in EoE (79)] that promote a type 2 inflammatory response [e.g. IL-13 production by ILC2s (176, 177)] which leads to production of eosinophil chemotactic factors, particularly eotaxin-3 (178). Here, TSLP is linked to eosinophilic esophagitis.