MTOR and neoplasm: The erlotinib and metformin combination also enhanced AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC), a major downstream effector of AMPK in lipid metabolism, and attenuated mTOR-mediated 4EBP1 phosphorylation and Ki67 cell proliferation marker in the tumor tissues (Fig. 5i and Supplementary Fig. 8f).