Among the genes whose expression differed significantly between the IDC and IDC/DCIS groups, only the expression of MMP11 and CD68 remained significantly different between the IDC/DCIS < 50% and IDC/DCIS ≥ 50% groups, while the expression of other proliferation or invasion genes was not different between the two groups (Supplementary Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene MMP11 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.