Flow cytometry (Fig. S1) demonstrated that both MTPA and RFA increased the local CD3+ T-cell population within the tumor relative to sham, and that the plurality of this population was comprised of CD3+ CD8+ effector T cells (Fig. 2) (% CD45+ /CD3+/CD8+ T cells: RFA 37.3%, MTPA 48.5%, sham 1.1%). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.